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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltam | om tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltat | ot tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑ralteš | ok/ogeš tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑t | ogə̑t tuŋgə̑ralt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑m | šə̑m tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑ralte | ə̑š tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltna | ə̑šna tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltda | ə̑šda tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑č́ | ə̑št tuŋgə̑ralt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nam | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nat | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nna | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nda | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nə̑t | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltam ə̑l'e | om tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltat ə̑l'e | ot tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑ralteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltam ulmaš | om tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltat ulmaš | ot tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑ralteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nam ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nat ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nna ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nda ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nam ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nat ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nna ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nda ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑ralt | it tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltše | ə̑nže tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 1PL: | (tuŋgə̑raltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na tuŋgə̑ralt) |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltsa | ida tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št tuŋgə̑ralt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltnem | ə̑nem tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltnet | ə̑net tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltneže | ə̑než tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltnena | ə̑nena tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltneda | ə̑neda tuŋgə̑ralt |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltnešt | ə̑nešt tuŋgə̑ralt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | tuŋgə̑raltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | tuŋgə̑raltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt tuŋgə̑ralt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | tuŋgə̑raltnet ulmaš | ə̑net tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | tuŋgə̑raltneže ulmaš | ə̑než tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | tuŋgə̑raltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | tuŋgə̑raltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt tuŋgə̑ralt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | tuŋgə̑raltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | tuŋgə̑raltman |
| Active participle: | tuŋgə̑raltše |
| Passive participle: | tuŋgə̑raltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | tuŋgə̑raltšaš |
| Negative participle: | tuŋgə̑raltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | tuŋgə̑raltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | tuŋgə̑raltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | tuŋgə̑raltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | tuŋgə̑raltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | tuŋgə̑raltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | tuŋgə̑raltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | tuŋgə̑raltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||